Pdf the etiology of kwashiorkor remains enigmatic and longitudinal studies. This clearcut separation of marasmus and kwashiorkor. Marasmus occurrence increases prior to age 1, whereas kwashiorkor occurrence increases after 18 months. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Kwashiorkor is most common in areas where there is famine, limited food supply, and low levels of education. Mehlnahrschaden, but it is felt that its prevalence and importance justify a tentative. They are not two different diseases with different dietary aetiology but two facets of the same disease. Marasmus patients suffer from a peeling and alternately pigmented skin. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are both associated with impaired glucose clearance related to pancreatic.
Differences between marasmus and kwashiorkor all medical stuff. The distinction between the 2 forms of pem is based on the presence kwashiorkor or absence marasmus of edema. Body weight is reduced to less than 62% of the normal expected body weight for the age. Pmc free article scrimshaw ns, wilson d, bressani r. Using historical, longitudinal study data from the rural area of bwamanda, democratic republic of congo, we investigated the potential causal association between diet and the development of kwashiorkor in 5 657 preschool children followed 3monthly during 15 months. Kwashiorkor is the edematous form of protein energy malnutrition. Severe wasting body weight is less than 60% of the expected, the body utilizes all fat stores before using muscles. May 14, 2020 one major difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus is that kwashiorkor can occur rapidly, while marasmus is usually the result of a gradual process. Marasmus involves inadequate intake of protein and calories, whereas a child with kwashiorkor has fairtonormal calorie intake with inadequate protein intake. Start studying characteristic features of marasmus and kwashiorkor. Spoelstra mn, mari a, mendel m, senga e, van rheenen p, van dijk th, et al.
Difference between marasmus and kwashiorkor compare the. The other 2 forms are kwashiorkor kw and marasmic kw. Kwashiorkor is a form of proteinenergy malnutrition pem that occurs when there is not enough protein in the diet. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Currently, it is defined by a weightforage less than 3 zscore of the. Characteristic features of marasmus and kwashiorkor. Marasmus is another type of malnutrition that can affect young children in regions of the world where theres an unstable food supply. Marasmus occurs more often in young children and babies. Kwashiorkor often manifests in an affected person as a wellnourished appearance, but marasmus manifests as a starved appearance. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Evolution of kwashiorkor and marasmus sciencedirect. Oedema in kwashiorkor is caused by hypoalbuminaemia ncbi. This is important, because, unlike marasmus, there is no moderate or mild kwashiorkor whereby we can recognize the condition in its early stages and prevent deterioration to a stage when the condition is often lethal. The main cause is protein deficiency in kwashiorkor. Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition in children mostly occurring in developing.
The two terms do differ with respect to their definition, clinical symptoms, sings, biochemical changes seen and the management. It can be distinguished from kwashiorkor in that kwashiorkor is protein deficiency with adequate energy intake whereas marasmus is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein. It is a type of malnutrition which is caused when an individual is unable to get enough proteins in the body through food. A grading of marasmus has been proposed as grade 1,loose skin fold in axilla and groin, grade 2 loose skin fold in thigh, grade 3 wasting of chest and abdomen and grade 4 with wasting of buccal pad of fat giving the appearance of old man face. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 810k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Extreme wasting marasmickwashiorkor kwashiorkor marasmus different manifestations of similar nutritional deficits of energy, protein, micronutrients. Get 50% off quizlet plus through monday learn more. Malnutrition in young children may lead to severe wasting alone marasmus. Marasmus vs kwashiorkor protein energy malnutrition has been identified as a major health and nutrition problem in the developing countries which is manifested as marasmus or kwashiorkor. Protein is required by the body to produce new cells and repair any damaged cells. Jackson and others published protein energy malnutrition. Marasmic child may develop edema called marasmickwashiorkor.
Unfortunately, many authors combine these entities into one, thus precluding a. It is present in in kwashiorkor while absent in marasmus. May 09, 2016 marasmus can also make children shorttempered and irritable, but this is usually a more common symptom of kwashiorkor. Pdf file of the complete article 810k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus nutritional. Jun 17, 2012 marasmus vs kwashiorkor protein energy malnutrition has been identified as a major health and nutrition problem in the developing countries which is manifested as marasmus or kwashiorkor. Like kwashiorkor, marasmus is caused by a lack of the right types of nutrients.
Other names for kwashiorkor are protein malnutrition, proteincalorie malnutrition, and malignant malnutrition kwashiorkor, 2011. Sorry, you need the flash player to view these lessons. Coward medical research council dunn nutrition unit, milton road, cambridge cb4 1xj, uk summary comparisons, based on anthropometric and biochemical measurements, have been made be tween gambian and ugandan children with kwashiorkor. These manners included reducing food quantities, combining meals and removing. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are two advanced forms of proteincalorie malnutrition. In the countries where economic, social and cultural conditions combine. Marasmus affects kids because of a lack of nutritional elements in the diet.
There is a profound reduction in whole body potassium to about 35 mmolkg normal is 44 mmolkg, magnesium and phosphorus. Studies of amino acid handling in kwashiorkor with a possible explanation for the increased aminoaciduria. Physiopathology find, read and cite all the research you need on. Anemias of marasmus and kwashiorkor in kenya article pdf available in archives of disease in childhood 38199. In the original wellcome classification, marasmus was defined by a weightforage less than 60% of the us reference used at that time. Kwashiorkor is a disease that is caused by malnutrition when there is not enough protein in the diet. Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edema and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. It is caused by sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption, which distinguishes it from marasmus. Golden and others published marasmus and kwashiorkor. Download premium images you cant get anywhere else. In marasmusthis mayfall to around 5%anda high proportion ofthe residual fat upto 50%maybein.
Dec 26, 2018 kwashiorkor is one of the most common nutritional disorders, which are found in the third world countries. When marasmic children develop oedema it is termed as marasmickwashiorkor. Pathophysiology kwashiorkor affects most major organs systems. Bodyfat normallyfatconstitutes around19%ofbodyweight. Marasmus is a condition primarily caused by a deficiency in calories and energy, whereas kwashiorkor indicates an associated protein deficiency, resulting in an edematous appearance. The etiology of kwashiorkor remains enigmatic and longitudinal studies examining potential causes of kwashiorkor are scarce. Marasmic kwashiorkor definition of marasmic kwashiorkor by. It can occur in anyone with severe malnutrition but usually occurs in children. Aug 21, 2016 while marasmus occurs in children of less then a year. The distinction between them is based on the presence of edema kwashiorkor or absence of edema marasmus.
Find highquality kwashiorkor stock photos and editorial news pictures from getty images. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. Doctors lead to pem diagnosis based on signs and symptoms, that are usually easy to observe, although laboratory diagnosis is always useful for workup. Kwashiorkor is another form of serious malnutrition.
Kwashiorkor affects kids who do not receive enough protein in the diet. What is the difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus. To find the parameters which minimized aic we used an algorithm combining the golden. Kwashiorkor patients are characterized by a distended stomach, burns on the skin and diarrhea. Jul 22, 2016 marasmus occurs more often in young children and babies. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are 2 forms of pem that have been described. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are both forms of proteinenergy malnutrition. It is suggested that marasmus, characterised by severe growth retardation but remarkably wellpreserved metabolic processes, represents a state of good. Evermotion archmodel 102 pdf soho rep writers lab app. Mental changes, skin and hair changes and hepatomegaly are evident. Marasmus differs from kwashiorkor in various ways see fig. Muscles undergo wasting in wasting in kwashiorkor while they are weak and have started atrophy in marasmus. Marasmus and kwashiorkor plays a significant role in half of the nearly 12 million deaths each year of children under five in developing countries. The wellcome classification also introduced the term marasmic kwashiorkor for.
Management of severe and moderate acute malnutrition in children. In addition to lack of food, deficiencies in micronutrients especially vitamin a, iodine and iron are widespread 4,6,7,9. What sanitary measures should be taken to prevent pem. Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.
Secondary infection is very common in protein energy malnutrition. The best sleeping position for back pain, neck pain, and sciatica tips from a physical therapist duration. Signs of marasmus include thinness and loss of fat and muscle without any tissue swelling. In this condition, features of marasmus and kwashiorkor are present simultaneously. Total body sodium, calcium and phosphorus are depleted to 93%, 77%, and 79%of expected values garrowet al. While the marasmus occurs due to energy deficiency, kwashiorkor is attributed to protein deficiency, the two being most common in children. We compared dietary risk factors for kwashiorkor with those of marasmus. Marasmus is a form of pem which is characterized by muscle wasting and shrunken appearance of the child.